Mediterranean Society Under Greek and Roman Influence Essay

As the Greek and Roman empires ascended immensely throughout the western world, new ideas changed the way the Mediterranean Society handled things, which were spread across the globe. â€Å"The rise of the series of city-states of classical Greece began in the ninth century B.C.E. and during the late sixth century B.C.E, Rome’s development as a republic began as Etruscan society declined†(Bentley et al, 2008 p.132, 145). The development of these empires encouraged cultural circulation, blending the culture of the two empires into the land it conquered. As Greece and Rome gained more territory within the Mediterranean society, they began to progress toward a more civilized order of humanity. How were they alike? How were they different? How did†¦show more content†¦Moreover, while the production and transportation of goods was influential to the trading industry, the Romans were able to expand their empire by conquering distant lands. Differences of the Greeks and Romans Despite all their similarities, The Greeks and Romans engaged in substantive culture differences. Their religions derived from a complex set of gods and goddesses, called deities, who were seen as regulating human life. Since the Romans embraced culture from the Greeks, many traditions were the same. However, the Greek and Roman culture, although similar, are very different and appealing. For instance, the Greeks did not acknowledge an all-powerful god; they believe that deities controlled everything that transpired on earth. In other words, the Greeks sought religious cults to explain the forces that shape the world (Bentley et al, 2008 p.143). On the contrary, during the early days of the Romans history, they believed in Greeks philosophy as well. WGBH (2008) has noted, â€Å"that some Roman citizens were open-minded to deities from the ancient Greece†. Nevertheless, after observing the preaching of a new kind of faith called Christianity, voiced by Paul of Tarsus, a Jew from Anatolia, about Jesus of Nazareth, the Romans welcomed this new faith. According to (Bentley et al, 2008), Paul’s teaching was based on...†a sense of spiritual freedom...and spiritual equality of the sexes and that Christianity bestows an assurance of victory to those whoShow MoreRelatedThe Contrast and Comparison Between the Ancient Greeks and Romans1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient Greeks and Roman civilizations both began their histories with the emergence of city states. Both of these civilizations made contributions to the Middle East. The Greeks had made a wild spread of discoveries on several fields. This included astro nomy by Ptolemy, geometry by Euclid, and the philosophy of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius of his Stoic philosophy. Because the Greeks were widely known as a creative and prestigious race, the Romans were influenced by the Iliad (Homer’s legendaryRead MoreRoman Achievements and Contributions1571 Words   |  7 PagesRoman Achievements Jigsaw Background: The period of great cultural achievements for the Roman Empire is referred to as the Pax Romana, or â€Å"Peace of Rome.† Beginning after the Republican Wars in 27 B.C., and lasting to about 180 A.D., this era was marked by general tranquility and unity across the empire. By this time, Rome had overtaken most of the Mediterranean world and had spread its culture. Family Religion The family was the basic unit of Roman society. Under Roman law, the male headRead MoreEssay on Roman â€Å"Res Publica†1007 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Roman â€Å"Res Publica† The first known inhabitants of the Italian Peninsula were the Dorians. They had first invaded the Greek Peninsula circa 1200 B.C. before moving onto the Italian Peninsula around 1000 B.C. About 200 years later, a new civilization arose in Etturia (now Tuscany) that would have a tremendous influence on the Romans. These people were known as the Etruscans. The Etruscans were a military ruling class that exploited the native Italians, making them work the mines and serveRead MoreCause of the Disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization1675 Words   |  7 Pageswith the Aryans, floods, drought, and/or decline in trade with other societies. Topic 1: On several occasions in class, we discussed the processes of accretion and syncretism. Describe and analyze the cross-cultural influences in a Mediterranean and Indus Valley context. Your essay should provide examples of cultural (remember the components of culture we discussed early in the semester) interchange between different societies and civilizations. Introduction Culture is the complex combinationRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay2106 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion C: The Roman empire was large and very vast. It encompassed many different cultures that fell under Roman political rule. Romanization or becoming a Roman is described by studying the changes in everyday life to include language and religious practices, and from drinking habits and personal names. The western provinces of the Roman empire had a long and trouble some experience throughout its history. Much of the Britain and Germanic Gaul’s history was destroyed by the Romanization processRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead More Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pages Advances in Art, science and politics were made in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. Greek philosophers were among the first in the West to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world and the universe. This is why Greece is often referred to as the birthplace of Western culture. The ancient Greeks viewed the world in a way that one would today perhaps describe as holistic. Science, philosophy, art and politics were interwoven and combinedRead MoreAncient Roman Dwellings Evolved Architecturally In Time1093 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Roman dwellings evolved architecturally in time from simple huts in the earliest times, to sophisticated and extremely long-lived structures in the later Republic and Imperial Rome following the annexation of the Greek city-states. This is very evident in many Italian and Greek cities where archaeologists have found different occupational levels, with each lower architectural strata being much more ancient (Lavan, Ãâ€"zgenel, Sarantis, 2007). Typically, however, Roman architecture refers toRead MoreItaly : A Long And Rich History1417 Words   |  6 PagesItaly was at first preceded by several non-Italian cultures, including Greeks. The Greeks occupied southern Italy, including areas around Sicily. This remained a wealthy ext ent of land because of the tremendously fertile soil, which then caused the sprout of new cities and civilization. These Greek cities ultimately stood taken over by Roman control. As far as northern city-states, the Etruscans lived in areas influenced by Greek culture. The Etruscans stayed well-known engineers, builders, and traders

Student Leadership And The Student Association For Chinese...

Students attending universities, with the emphasis switching from only focusing on academic experience to combining academic and social performance together. This study is an investigation of the GPA, family background and demographic predictors of being leaders in the student association for Chinese university students in elite universities. Questionnaires data were collected from 1661 students in four elite universities in 2013 to 2015. The GPA was identified as the most significant predictor of being a leader in the student association. Integration into the family background, family income was also predictive of students leadership. Identifying the factors that influence students leadership can improve the support services for†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, it is hard to deny that family background has a crucial impact on students’ leadership. Due to the household registration policy, the unequally distributed resources between rural and urban area lead to the g aps in cultural, social and economic capitals between rural and urban residents. Li (2013) explains that inadequacy in the capitals in family constraints alienate students from disadvantaged groups to the consecrated university activities. Gao et al. (2011) find that students from high-income family have bigger odds of receiving awards and participating in activities in the school. Therefore, it is necessary to analysis the impact of family background on students’ leadership. Research Problem: Does an increase in students’ GPA predict an increase in the changes of being a leader of student association at elite universities when controlling for students’ family background? Methods: The data of this paper are coming from a longitudinal study on a group of undergraduate students at four large, research-intensive, elite public universities in China. Designed and conducted by a team at the University of Hong Kong, the study used a multi-stage, proportionate stratified sampling method to draw a random sample of college students based on the student enrollment record. All questionnaires were distributed by the researchers and self-administered by respondents. 2,000 survey questionnaires were distributed in 2013, and theShow MoreRelatedInternational Partnership : Education And Cultural Exchange Foundation1428 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization has fostered, education has changed forever for educators and for students around the world. The People s Republic of China has entered a historical conversion, as well, that has revolutionized the lives and futures of Chinese children. Through of the transformative power and the interconnectedness of today s worldwide system, globalization has brought huge challenges and opportunities to high school students in China. The purpose of this paper is to explore one international partnershipRead MoreThe Career Future Of The Hong Kong1495 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of mainland students who study in Hong Kong increases of ten times (Hong Kong Chinese University, 2014). After graduated, some mainland students want to find a good job in Hong Kong. However, they face the rat race with job hunting. One of the competitors to them is the local student. These local students grow up in Hong Kong. They accept the international education. They speak Cantonese frequently. They may hold the family relationship in Hong Kong. However, the mainland students have their ownRead MoreLetter for Scholarship1422 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding such a huge amount of money as scholarship to students. Your support is greatly appreciated and your kindness would not be soon forgotten. The scholarship will surely help me a lot to impro ve my studies, and most important, to fulfill my dream. I would surely spread the word of your kindness and I am also willing to travel around and promote these meaningful program. Lets briefly introduce myself. I am King Cheung, a Form2 student from La Salle College. I am a fourteen-year-oId teenagerRead MoreExamine the Conditions That Led to the Rise of a Single-Party State Under Mao Zedong.1513 Words   |  7 PagesTHE CONDITIONS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF A SINGLE-PARTY STATE UNDER MAO ZEDONG. â€Å"In October 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China† (IB Packet, 60). This date marked the official beginning of the CCP’s (Chinese Communist Party) rule under a single party rule. However, one question remains: what exactly were the prominent conditions that led to this rise of the CCP under Mao Zedong? Although one could easily isolate several specific variables that aided theRead MoreExamine the Conditions That Led to the Rise of a Single-Party State Under Mao Zedong.1507 Words   |  7 PagesEXAMINE THE CONDITIONS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF A SINGLE-PARTY STATE UNDER MAO ZEDONG. â€Å"In October 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China† (IB Packet, 60). This date marked the official beginning of the CCP’s (Chinese Communist Party) rule under a single party rule. However, one question remains: what exactly were the prominent conditions that led to this rise of the CCP under Mao Zedong? Although one could easily isolate several specific variables that aided theRead MoreSurvival of Authoritarian Regime in Philippine and Malaysia1146 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is an ideological war between U.S and U.S.S.R which leads to the occurrence of Cold War. U.S represents capitalist bloc and U.S.S.R represents Communist bloc. The South East Asia is suffered from tension between the two blocs. Especially after Chinese Communist Party got the leading role in China, communist guerilla became active in the South East Asia. U.S worried that the South East Asia will be taken over by the Communist bloc gradually. So, she allies with South Asian countries to block theRead MoreHow Being A Clp Fellow Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesallow me the opportunity to meet like-minded individuals that desire to enhance their leadership experience throughout their four years at TCU as well as provide me a greater chance to enhance myself in leadership roles in a program known to be beneficial to its members. Having already attended multiple leadership events on campus such as the Vice Chancellor’s First-Year Dinner and the First-Year Men’s Leadership Dinner, as well as being encouraged by its attendees to apply for this fellowship, IRead MoreEssay on The Life Of The Dali Lama1680 Words   |  7 Pagesmonastic universities: Drepung, Sera and Ganden. The final examination was conducted in the Jokhang, Lhasa during the annual Monlam Festival of Prayer, held in the first month of every year Tibetan calendar. Leadership Responsibilities On November 17, 1950, His Holiness was called upon to assume full political power (head of the State and Government) after some 80,000 Peoples Liberation Army soldiers invaded Tibet. In 1954, he went to Beijing to talk peace with Mao Tse-tung and other Chinese leadersRead MoreThe Human Resource Management And Employment Relations Program976 Words   |  4 Pageslearning technique, a quiet classroom and spoon fed teaching. However, after spending one month in Germany as an exchange student while in middle school, I was no longer afraid of public speaking and presentations. Instead, I began to enjoy sharing information with my classmates and even asking the teacher questions during the class. My participation in the Summer Camp at the University of Bridgeport in the United States allowed me to experience an interactive and vibrant classroom atmosphere featuringRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pagesof construction students. Many research studies have been conducted to analyze the advantages and pros of internships in the field of Public relations for the students. The studies reveal that the students who had been engaged in such internship programs have been observed to have a better career path as compare to the ones who did not opted for it (Filak Pritchard, 2008). Moreover, internship during the academics period also serves as an assessment tool for the universities (Filak Pritchard

Gap Between High School And College - 1381 Words

A gap year is time off from school. It is mostly taken between high school and college. Gap years are not always a year, it could be a few weeks or even a few years (Knoll). In some cases gap years will add stress and frustration due to students getting behind their peers. Often students will waste time and not stay on top of their studies so when they decide to go back to school they are stuck reteaching themselves the skills they lost. Whether you have a plan or not students say gap years can be very expensive and add to debt (Knoll). Attention Given- Students that disagree with gap years go to college right out of high school to avoid losing skills, unnecessary expenses, delay in career, etc. Taking a gap year between high school and†¦show more content†¦The amount of tuition costs on the amount the family can afford based on standard financial aid formulas. Although if families do not save up they can end up taking out loans and borrowing the money they do not have (Coll ege is Affordable). The FASFA has been created to lower the costs of college. State and Federal Aid also help and any student could be eligible for scholarships based off your skill and knowledge. Private scholarships Are sometimes created for students that did not exceed in high school and are not eligible for other scholarships (Ten Ways). College may be expensive but so is a gap year. If you plan on backpacking across the world or even just settling down there will be cost for it. Out of town there will be unnecessary expenses such as restaurants, housing, and stores. In tourist locations businesses add to their prices even though outside in the residential areas the price is much less (25 Pro Tips). Without a college education it is unlikely you will find a job that pays enough to vacation or even support a house, car, phone, and other costs. When you take multiple years off before college you are in risk of having to start over and take classes that you either have taken or tha t are for students that are not prepared for college. Whether you plan or just go with the flow there will be bills to pay and unexpected

Lung Cancer Evolve Case Study Essay - 4737 Words

Lung Cancer Jean Flick, RN, MS; Marty Carlson, RN, MS; and Diane Maxwell, RN, MS Top of Form Diagnostic Tests The healthcare provider completes the examination and prescribes a chest x-ray, which is scheduled for the next morning. 1. Which instructions should the nurse provide to prepare Mr. Prieto for the x-ray? A) You should not eat or drink anything after midnight. Feedback: INCORRECT It is not necessary to be NPO prior to an x-ray. B) You will need to remove jewelry, such as neck chains. Feedback: CORRECT Jewelry interferes with obtaining a clear and accurate x-ray. C) Notify the technician if you are allergic to shellfish. Feedback: INCORRECT This is only necessary if a diagnostic test involves†¦show more content†¦D) Sit quietly with the couple and allow them the opportunity to talk. Feedback: CORRECT This allows Mr. Prieto and his wife time to grieve and formulate questions without feeling rushed by the nurse. Correct answer(s): D At the Prietos request, the nurse discusses the risk factors for lung cancer and answers their questions. Cancer Staging Mr. Prietos cancer is determined to be Stage 2 adenocarcinoma. 5. How would the nurse explain the purpose of cancer staging? A) Staging systems track the overall incidence of types of cancers. Feedback: INCORRECT Staging does not track cancer incidence. B) Staging identifies the causative agent for the onset of the cancer. Feedback: INCORRECT Staging does not identify the causes of cancer. C) Staging helps determine the clients prognosis and best treatment. Feedback: CORRECT Tumor staging incorporates assessment of the size, location, and degree of invasion of the primary tumor, the involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence or absence of distant metastasis. This assessment information is crucial in determining Mr. Prietos prognosis and the best possible treatment. D) Staging measures the number of oncogenes in the tumor. Feedback: INCORRECT Staging does not measure oncogenes. Correct answer(s): C Chemotherapy The oncologist and Mr. Prieto decide on a combination of chemotherapy and surgical management to treat the cancer. Mr. Prieto is scheduled to beginShow MoreRelatedThe World s Trade Profitable969 Words   |  4 Pagesabout smoking First fact: Smoking causes many types of cancer, lung cancer--ohmha I have had lung cancer a rare disease before the thirties and there is no doubt that the most important reasons that led to this huge increase in injuries is smoking. The second fact: Smoking is the most important reasons that lead to chronic lung disease and cancer. It is clear scientifically that smoking causes changes in the bronchus and lung gradually evolve even cause chronic bronchitis The third fact: Smoking causesRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study803 Words   |  4 Pagesorgans fibronectin expression is upregulated by primary tumors via resident fibroblasts, which serves as a docking site for VEGFR1+ hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) clusters and secondary seeding. During metastasis of breast cancer to lung, interaction of VCAM-1+ cancer cells with VLA-4-expressing macrophages, activates PI3K/Akt signaling in tumor cells, protecting them from caspase-induced apoptosis. Bone metastasis is also facilitated by interaction of VCAM1 with different integrin partner, ÃŽ ±4ÃŽ ²1Read MoreThe First Major Discoveries That Laid The Foundation For Technological Advances During The World Of Vaccinations1364 Words   |  6 Pagesvaccine, however, he had no idea as to why this was or what the connection was between the two diseases. As such, people of this age were skeptical to test the new vaccine. In 1885, Louis Pasteur decided to take on rabies. Well aware of Jenner’s studies, he began to create a vaccine from the spinal cords of infected rabbits. The method was first tested on a young boy who was bitten by an infected dog. Unknown if the vaccine was effective, the boy survived and there was now scientific evidence toRead MoreCancer : An Uncontrollable Division Of Cells1467 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION TO CANCER What is Cancer? Cancer is described as an uncontrollable division of cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with an estimated 595,690 deaths and 1,685,210 new cases in 2016 alone (NIH 2015). Cancer can develop from almost every organ of the body, with the most common organs affected being the breasts, lungs, prostate, colon, and bladder (NIH 2015). As the disease progresses, it may become metastatic, whereRead MoreMelanoma: The Most Dangerous Forms of All Skin Cancer Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesMelanoma is known to be the most dangerous forms of all skin cancers. These brown coloured cancerous growths develop when unrepaired DNA has committed damage to the body’s skin cells. It is known that it is the most commonly triggered by vigorous amounts of sunshine, over excessive use of tanning bed and UV lights which result in making mutations in the skin that produces the skin cells to over multiply at a quick rate which can eventually form nasty tumours. How is Melanoma caused? Melanoma is causedRead MoreCase Study : Lung Cancer2501 Words   |  11 PagesPatho Case Study #1 Chapter 16 – Lung Cancer Follow rubric and provide the information Answer questions 1,4,5,6,10,11,12,14 Utilize your resources such as your text and the Welch library online for UpToDate. Look at the example case for format Case Study Evaluation Criteria I. Overview of Case and Pathophysiology (45 points) Pathogenesis: The case study identifies a given disease. How does this disease process evolve? Describe the sequence of cellular and tissue events that takeRead MoreCell Phones Cause Brain Cancer Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pageseverywhere. Whether or not someone answering their cell phone is increasing the likelihood of fatal brain cancer, is in question. Apparently in recent years there has been much research completed looking for a solid answer to the question. Essentially, people are worried about their brains being microwave, breaking bonds and causing genetic damage and consequently a cancerous tumor to evolve. For example, the New York Times magazine article which expressed a young man from Florida, David ReynardRead MoreWhat Is Biotechnology And Its Ramification To Breast Cancer1101 Words   |  5 PagesBiotechnology and its Ramification to Breast Cancer According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2014; 236,968 women and 2,141 men in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer. And 41,211 women and 465 men in the United States died from breast cancer (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, 2017). That volume of death could have drastically been decreased if the clinicians, physicians, and oncologists utilized the Mammaprint. To understand the way Mammaprint makesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer Treatment Essay1898 Words   |  8 Pagesearly stages of cancer, prior to metastasis, can often be cured by surgically removing the tumor. On the other hand, patients with advanced cancer that has already metastasized must be treated with systemic therapies. Common therapies used today are radiation and chemotherapy. Although in some cases these treatments are effective at removing tumors, they are not selective against cells within the tumor and are frequently toxic to the patient. A relatively new ap proach towards cancer treatment is targetedRead MoreCancer And Its Effects On Cancer Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagespeople in the world suffer from cancer. In the year 2017, it is estimated that nearly 2 million new cancer cases will occur in the United States, leading to approximately more than half a million deaths (Cancer Facts Figures, 2016, p.1). However, despite the drastic numbers shown in this data, it is almost a 20% decrease from data collected in previous years (Tao Kiera, 2015, p.1). The increased survival rate of cancer patients is mainly due to advances in cancer research and the incorporation

Individuals theories Free Essays

Most had no goals to rehabilitate the fender nor help them on any matter. Over time the ideals of how a prison should be like evolved. Before the nineteenth century there were no real prisons (Foster, 2006, Chapter 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Individuals theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no clear time of when the first prison came into existences (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). There were merely just small rooms; and they were used to punish criminals whom committed serious crimes, there was no correctional purpose (Foster, 2006, Chapter 1). In the sass many of the jails at that time had no interest or level of classification (Foster, 2006, Chapter 1). There were different models being used in the earlier days and have changed over time. The Auburn model during the 19th century model was based on having offenders work in groups completing community activities, then at night placed in solitary confinement and strict rules were set in to play (â€Å"Auburn System†, 2014). This system was seen as a way to teach respect and working with others and also having personal discipline (â€Å"Auburn System†, 2014). Silence was a big factor and was enforced to the Max; it was seen as a way to take away ones sense of self (â€Å"Auburn System†, 2014). This is similar to the hierarchical model; which goal is to ensure physical control (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). The Auburn prison was merely an experiment to determine and displayed the effects of what solitary confinement can really do to an individual (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). Back in 1790 the Walnut Street Jail was transformed to a penitentiary in Philadelphia (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13). The purpose behind this transaction was for offenders to penance and come to amends ND take control over their actions and wrongdoing in society (Assemblages, 201 1, Chapter 13). Rehabilitation and deterrence was seen as the foundation this is still seen today (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). Bible study was a key element surrounding penance and seeking rehabilitation, and just as Auburn System enforced silence so did the Quakers (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13). Minimally contact between staff and inmates was also a key factor (Assemblages, 201 1, Chapter 1 3). The penitentiary that was opened in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania back in 1826 correlates back to the Philadelphia model (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13). The Pittsburgh model was highly favored and seen as the ideal prison because it was humane and provided the correct amount of discipline towards punishment yet having the opportunity for offenders to focus on rehabilitating (Assemblages, 201 1 , Chapter 13). The prison era that began between 1825 through 1876 all connect back to the Pennsylvania model; Vermont, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, and many more can be seen as The Pittsburgh Pennsylvania model and Philadelphia model are seen to be the winning models of how an ideal penitentiary, the two American systems, interestingly, most concluded that the Pennsylvania system was more conducive to reformation than the Auburn system (Assemblages, 201 1, Chapter 13). This was seen as the ideal petitioners all the way up until the Reformatory era was created by Captain Alexander Macroeconomic and Sir Walter Croà »ton (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). The reformatory style consisted of the use of indeterminate sentencing with also the belief of obliteration, yet this style did not last long do to the industrial prisons that came into play (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). Each model had its drawback the Auburn system resulted in inmate’s committing suicide or either dying to the lack of not being able to work out (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13). There was clear tension between the Auburn and Pennsylvania systems even during the reformatory System (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13). Prisons have truly evolve Dover time The community based Era in my opinion has be the most effected and would be what I considered as an ideal prison. Community corrections revolve around rehabilitation and having a clear understanding that inmates need contact with community, and provide work release programs and halfway houses (Assemblages, 2011, Chapter 13. These are all and provide guidance and opportunity for inmates can have community involvement and give the opportunity to amend their wrongdoing and get on the right track (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13). Overall this prison has truly changed over time the different models and system have evolved overtime to it the needs of society’s best interest (Assemblages, 2011 , Chapter 13. References Foster, B. (2006). Corrections: The Fundamentals,. How to cite Individuals theories, Papers

Manta rays Essay Example For Students

Manta rays Essay Ever since I first went Scuba Diving I have always wanted to see a manta ray up close. I have heard so many stories about them, and how awesome it was to dive with them. People have told me, â€Å"manta rays are very gentle creatures, and their size is overwhelming. They will come up to you as if you had called them like a dog, and soar gracefully over your head as you stare at them in disbelief.† Right after I heard this I knew that I had to dive with, and learn everything about them. In order for me to dive with them I’m going to need to know when the best time is to see one, and where I can see one. It also couldn’t hurt to know some general knowledge about them because I wouldn’t want to disturb or mess up anything that is taking place. Besides just background information, I would like to find out how big they can get, and how long they can live. Also, I want to know how they produce their offspring, and how big their offspring are at birth. As well, I would like to find out what they eat, and who their predators are. Answers to these questions will give me a better understanding of manta rays, and hopefully make my experience will them more fulfilling.Since today is my first day searching for my I-search report on manta rays, I decided to use the Internet. First, I went to yahoo.com and typed in manta rays. Then, I clicked on manta rays, and it brought me to the site tripod.com. It was a good source of information, so I printed it out. Next, I went back to yahoo.com, and clicked on manta rays-gentle giants. This brought me to a site, which I also printed out. After that I decided to switch search engines, so I went to google.com to see if different information would come up. I again typed in manta rays and it gave me a bunch of sites to choose from. I clicked on manta rays-Cayman Islands, and printed that out as well. Today I decided to go to the electric library to see if there was any good information there. I typed in manta rays and it gave me a bunch of books, magazines, and pictures on them. I clicked on Rays-1998 Canadian Encyclopedia, and it gave me useful information, so I printed it out. Then I proceeded to click on Rays-World book Encyclopedia, and I printed that out. Today I again decided to use the electronic library to see if I missed anything. I clicked on a bunch of news broadcasts, but there was nothing of use. I looked through the list of books that they gave me, but still found nothing that I could use. Then, I decided to look in the electronic card catalog on the computer. I typed in manta rays, scuba diving, and marine life each separately, but they all gave me no information that I could use. After that, I tried the regular card catalog, but that also did not help. As a last resort, I asked the librarian where she thought the best place to look for manta rays was. She told me to go to the gale database on the computer, and try searching there. That’s what I did, and I ended up getting an article in a skin diving magazine. â€Å"Mantas are the largest of the rays, can grow to a wingspan of 20 feet, and can weigh well over 3000 pounds† (Cayman.org). Because of this, and their gentle nature, these creatures have become a favo rite attraction for divers. Manta comes from the Spanish word-meaning blanket, which describes their unique body shape (Reef Briefs). Their skeletal structure is very similar to that of a shark, which is made out of cartilage (McEachran). Because of this many people characterize them as â€Å"Flattened out sharks† (Reef Briefs). Even though, they are closely related to the shark, they are very different (Scott). The one main difference between the two is the fact that the manta ray is known to be one of the gentlest creatures in the sea. What’s ironic about this is that fisherman use to call them the â€Å"devil fish† (tripod.com), and thought that they were capable of destroying their boats. This isn’t hard to believe because of their enormous size, and their fins on the side of their head that look like horns (Reef Briefs). .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .postImageUrl , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:hover , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:visited , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:active { border:0!important; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:active , .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32 .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2312dba86671fb3fd4e9bdba392c6c32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genetics In Life EssayDespite their size and appearance they eat relatively small food. Some of the things that they feed on are plankton, small fish, and crustaceans. Since they are bottom dwellers their mouth and gills are located on the underside of the body (tripod.com). â€Å"The Manta ray utilizes its gills when it feeds by sucking water through its gills, allowing plankton to remain in its mouth, while water is pumped out. Then, via gill arches, the plankton is redirected to the ray’s stomach for digestion† (Reef Brief). The cephalic fins, or â€Å"horns† which people called them, are fins that extend forward from the eyes, which helps the manta guide large amounts of plankton into its mouth (cayman.org). The manta ray is sexually mature as soon as its pectoral fins reach a length of 13 to 15 feet. Unlike most fish, the female manta ray’s egg is fertilized inside of her body, so their young are born like a mammal’s young (McEachran). â€Å"Female ray’s give birth to one or two rays per litter, each weighing up to 25 pounds at birth!† (Reef Briefs). These rays, often called pups, learn to avoid predators by staying on the bottom, and by throwing sand on their body using their pectoral fins. The only predators that they really face are the killer whale and the shark (Reef Briefs). Because of this, the species is allowed to flourish, and are able to live in many places. Manta rays are known to be pelagic, which means that they like to live in the open ocean. Occasionally, they like to come close to the land to feed, or just to swim around. These rays, for some reason, like to spend a lot of time on the surface, or jumping completely out of the water. Some scientists’ think that the reason for this is to get rid of parasites that cling to their body, or that they do it just for fun (cayman.org). People have reported that they have seen the manta rays jump 15 feet out of the water (Reef Briefs). One of the most famous places to see manta rays up close is at Yap Island, which is in the southwest corner of Micronesia, near Guam. This island was one of the first places that people were able to get close enough to photograph the manta rays. As soon as divers heard of this they went there to see the mantas for themselves. Because of this many of the dive masters there were afraid that the influx of divers would scare the mantas away, but the exact o pposite happened. The manta rays were curious of the divers and came closer to them than before. Over the years the island has reported an increase on the number of manta rays seen on daily dive trips. A scientist named Bill Acker believes that mantas are attracted to Yap Island because it has shallow inner land mangroves, which are a perfect birthing area for the females. This has made the island one of the best places to dive with the manta rays (Murphy 42).The largest and most rare species of manta rays, Manta Alfredi, or Prince Alfred’s Manta Ray, is known to hang around the Yap Islands. It was named after â€Å"Prince Alfred Ernest (1844-1900), the fourth child of Queen Victoria of Great Britain† (tripod.com). This ray closely resembles the other manta rays with the exception of irregular black-gray spots on its underside, and the fact that its wingspan is at least 12 feet (tripod.com). In conclusion, the manta ray is one of the most graceful, and gentle creatures of the sea, which has become a favorable attraction for divers. Its enormous size perplexes the mind as it flies through the water. The more that I researched the manta rays, the more that I wanted to go diving with them. What I learned from this paper will give me a better understanding of where and when the best times are to dive with them, which are at night and at the Yap Islands. I now will also be on the lookout for the rare and large Prince Alfred’s ray every time that I dive. This paper has also helped me learn many important facts about them, like how they reproduce, how big they get, their scientific name, and what they eat. All of this information will defiantly help me out in the future because of the fact that I plan on becoming a marine biologist when I grow up. Learning all that I can about the marine life now will save a lot of time when I have to study them in college. Bibliography: Works Cited Manta Ray. 13. Manta Ray- Manta birostris. 11/8/01: www.cayman.org/fauna/manta.htmManta Rays. 26. Manta Rays- San Benedicto Island Mexico, Yap Micronesia, Trinidad and Tobago, Kona Coast Hawaii. 11/8/01:http://members.tripod.com/ranndino/animals.htmManta Rays- The Gentle Giants, 5. Reef Briefs. 11/8/01: www.greenreefbelize.com/reefbriefs/briefs41.htmMcEachran, John. D. Ray. The World book Encyclopedia. 1/1/00. .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .postImageUrl , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:hover , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:visited , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:active { border:0!important; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:active , .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63 .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub43adcfa005d74737ee17ee31d019d63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stalin as a continuation of Le EssayMurphy, P. 1996, April. Yaps Multiplying Mantas. Skin Diver. Vol. 45. Issue 4. Scott, W.B. Ray. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 9/6/97.

Jefferson Davis Essay Example For Students

Jefferson Davis Essay Jefferson Davis was born on June, 3rd, 1808, in Christian County, Kentucky. He was educated at Transylvania University and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he served in the army until bad health forced him to residn in 1835. He was a farmer in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845. Then he was elected to the U.S. congress. In 1846, he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was a U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1857, and a U.S. Senator again from 1857 to 1861. As a Senator, he was in support of slavery and states rights. He also influenced Pice to sign in the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which favored the South and increased the bitterness of the struggle over slavery. (Encarta, Davis Jefferson. 97)In his second term as a Senator he became the spokesman for the Southern point of view. He opposed the idea of secession from the Union as a way of maintaining the principles in the South . Even after the first steps toward secession had been taken, he tried to keep the Southern states in the Union. When the state of Mississippi seceeded, he withdrew from the Senate. On February 18, 1861, the congress of the Confederate States made him president. He was elected to the office by popular vote for a 6-year term and was inaugurated un Richmond, Virginia, the new capital of the Confederacy. He failed to raise enough money to fight the Civil War and could not obtain help for the Confederacy from foreign governments. One of the accomplishments of Jefferson Dacis, was the raising of the Confederate army. Davis had a difficult task to preform. He was the head of the new nation in the beginnings of a major war. The South had inferior railroads compared to the Union, no navy, no gunpowder mills, and a reat lack of arms and ammunition. The Souths only resource seemed to have been of cotton and courage. (Davis, W. P 128). Despite this, the Confederates demolished the North at the battle of Bull Run. Somehow, with limited resources, Dacis made facotries for arms, cannons, powders and ammunition. Old naval yards were restored and gunboats were built. Davis sent agents to Europe to buy arms and ammunition and representatives were sent to try and secure help from England and France. These representatives were unsuccesful. In 1862, Davis appointed Robert E. Lee as the leader of the Army of North Virginia. Lee remained Davis most favored commander and one of the strongerst and most loyal of Davis supporters. In May of 1865, Lee, without the authorization of Davis, surrendered to the North. Upon hearing this, Davis and his cabinet fled farther to continue the struggle. He finally realized defeat and was captured by Northern troops. He was imprisoned for two years, and then released without trial. Jefferson made some minor accomplishments once he was released. Although these are not as great as being the president of the Confederacy, they are quite important to Davis life. After he was released and had regained his health he wrote The Rise and Fall of Government. He became the main spokesperson for the defeated south and was asked to rejoin the Senate, but he declined. He neither apologized nor asked for amnesty for his actions during the Civil War. He believed that he had done nothing wrong. He believed that he needed to stand up for the states rights no matter how bad the conditions got. In other words, he stood up for what he believed in. He never regained citizenship with the United States. He died in 1889 of a complicated bronchial ailment, and was given a huge funeral by southern supporters. He was buried in Hollywood Cemetery, in Richmond, Virginia.

War doomsday Review Essay Example

War doomsday Review Paper Essay on War doomsday Long ago, in the late nineteenth century, in the same Brazil, where for some reason overthrew Don Pedro II (and where did imeratory in Latin America during the colonial period is a separate question) exactly after the canceled slavery (on terms of exemplary By the way, something vaguely reminiscent of da whole story) occurred, as it were described in our textbooks, the peasant uprising. Drought, famine, a mixture of three races, although from the Indians a little left, the feudal system good soil, that on religious fanaticism indigent knead some but the idea and put it into practice. That appears Canudos And the questions, questions, questions Author does not count, nor can it be right or wrong in the war over the world? Antonio Mentor a prophet? Messiah? martyr? fanatic? madman? it all together? Literary exaggeration? Otherwise it would not seem historic uprising trail was much like shorter. A truly popular uprising, for were in Canudos people walked and walked Different went from gangster to the poor, but thats randomly mixed up under the feet of intellectuals caricature and just under these same legs tangle. One even fell off from other worlds, the ideal of European revolutionaries who would never to anything not lead, and he became entangled in some ridiculous conflicts, the other as the foam brought to the surface of life, its not the end of the world We will write a custom essay sample on War doomsday Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War doomsday Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War doomsday Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer criminals political, criminal offenders, murderers, rapists, robbers, reject the church, slaveholders, monsters, madmen, was overcome by pride warriors people kaleidoscope of fascinating, scary And is it really so far from us that Bahia, Brazil?

Political Philosophy US Declaration of Independence

Introduction Legitimate political authority is that which is derived from the consent given by the people to be governed. This is based on Locke’s explanation in which he applies the social contract technique. The authority may, however, be withdrawn when a state interferes with or reduces the freedom to be enjoyed by subjects (Mukherjee Ramaswamy 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Philosophy: US Declaration of Independence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the assumption of legitimate political power, a state has the right to develop laws and measures to be used for the purpose of controlling and conserving individual or public property. In certain instances, the state may use the community to ensure that stipulated laws are well respected and adhered to for the sake of every person. Typically, legitimate political power is controlled by trust and the entire community is expected to play a big role in stipulating the intentions. Freedom and Nature of Political Authority Generally, the legitimacy of any state has to do with the right the state has to control its subjects (Corbett 2009, p. 45). This right and its correlative obligations constitute a special moral relationship between the state and each individual who consents. In Lockean’s view, the justification of a state ultimately gives us moral reasons to refrain from undermining it. Ordinarily, it gives subjects moral reasons to positively support the state or perhaps promote the existence of similar states. Seemingly, justice and happiness of others look like ends that may require positive promotion by all moral agents. However, the justification of a state in this manner cannot form the basis of any special moral relationship between it and its subjects. Ordinarily, no single individual can be made to succumb to another without his or her own consent (Simmons 2001, p. 129). Ostensibly, the legitimacy of political power springs from the morals that often exist in societies. Subjects, therefore, have a moral duty to obey. However, Locke also offers a different and quite general argument for the moral and prudential preferences of states ruled by the limited governments to life in the state of nature (Jahanbegloo 2004, p. 32). This argument is plainly addressed to those who maintain that the state in any form is morally or prudentially inferior to life without the state.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, state legitimacy is the logical correlation of various obligations, including the subjects’ political obligations. A state’s legitimacy right is in part a right held specifically against the subjects bound by any state imposed duties arising from morally significant relations (Rawls 2009, p. 23). It follows, therefore, that state legitimacy may be comp lete or partial, depending on whether such relations hold with all or only with some of those against whom the state enforces the duties it imposes. By and large, governments can presumably be illegitimate even where the states they govern are not. According to Estlund (2012, p. 35), however, state and legitimacy seem not to be independent of one another, since an illegitimate state could not have a legitimate government. Arguably, states earn their legitimacy by virtue of the consent of their members. This consent empowers a central authority to create a viable political society for the benefit of everyone. The fact that a state is legitimate with respect to a subject typically results in the subject having feelings, beliefs, or attitudes that generate allegiance and support. It is important to note that a state may actually be legitimate with respect to its subjects without receiving much or any support from the subjects. This is, however, pegged on the fact that subjects may be s ufficiently immoral, deceived, stupid, overwhelmed, weak-willed, or manipulated. As noted by Simmons (2001, p. 134), it is correct and perfectly natural to say that a state is legitimate, but unstable, unpopular, or unsupported. When people fail to uphold a state due to their own shortcomings rather than to its lack of moral authority, this cannot reasonably be described as a reduction of its legitimacy. It is a mistake, then, to focus in an account of state legitimacy on the attitudes of subjects or on the capacity of a state to produce or sustain these attitudes. This is insofar as it is the positive attitudes and beliefs of subjects that reliably produce their compliance with and support for states or regimes, instead of the nature of those actual relations with the state that obligate them to support it and give it the right to rule them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Philosophy: US Declaration of Independence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to explain the origin of political power, Locke began with a description of the state of nature (Nyquist 2013, p. 51). Without being compelled by anyone or getting pressure from any external source, individuals became political subjects by choice. Despite the existence of a political society, individuals were still allowed the right to privacy. This dichotomy between the state and society, and between the private and public, was fundamental to Locke’s theorizing. Since then, it has become an integral part of the Western intellectual tradition. Locke rejected Filmer’s biblical account of the origins of political power without abandoning religious foundations. His theory rested on a firm and explicit moral relationship between the human being and God. Locke saw this shared duty to God to preserve one’s self as part of God’s creation as the basic moral law of nature, which existed in the pre-political order or the state of nature. He tried to show that political power could be understood only if it was derived from a state in which all individuals were perfectly free to do, with regard to their person and possessions, what they thought fit within the bounds of the laws of nature. Locke was quite categorical that God had made everything for subsistence and not for waste (Mukherjee Ramaswamy 2001). Locke further argued that an individual’s life was not his own, but was given by God as a trust, meaning that human being have no right to destroy or kill themselves. They are not permitted to destroy, kill, rob, or enslave other beings who are considered equal in the presence of God. In Locke’s arguments, political authority, like all moral claims, is ultimately based on religious obligations, which are the source of all morality. Although his arguments are politically radical, they are quite far from being secular. Unlike Hobbes who argued for an unlimited right of natur e that each individual can claim, Locke stresses on a natural duty of self preservation owed to God for having created us (Hobbes et al. 1999). Certainly, this duty rules out conflict, for not only do we need to preserve ourselves, but we also need to perceive the fact that we are all equal before God. As such, the state of nature is moral. For Locke, political authority is not mere power, but power with right.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This right can only be derived from an already existing right, and because individuals have no right to give away their duty to preserve themselves, they cannot morally or logically grant rightful power to an absolute authority. Locke considers any form of supreme power as being illegitimate, and sees the various arguments presented by Filmer’s as wrong and wicked. Generally, Locke’s description of the state of nature is not as gloomy and pessimistic as Hobbes’. The state of nature is not of license, for though the individual is free from any superior power, he or she is still subject to the laws of nature. The laws of nature are known to human beings through the power of reason, which directs them towards their proper interests. Besides natural rights, human beings also have natural duties to discharge. Liberty, for Locke, is not the freedom to do what one chooses, but to act within the bounds of the laws of nature. Freedom presupposes order and is possible onl y within a framework of law. To a very extent, law helps to keep individuals from being subject to the arbitrary will of others. Natural rights act as constraining factors on the powers of the state, once these are established through a contract between individuals. In Locke’s view, personal independence and freedom are fundamental human rights. No one has a right to coerce or dominate another person in the state of nature (Locke 1996, p. 26). Everyone has an equal right to his or her natural freedom without being subjected to the will or authority of any other individual. In his clarification, Locke argues that the laws of nature are those that are dictated by reason. Since rights and duties are derived from the laws of nature, the most important of these is the right to hold others responsible for a breach of law and to punish them accordingly. Although Locke categorically rejects the right of a person to kill one’s self, he grants the right to inflict penalties, inc luding death penalty, on those who violate the laws in general. Locke explicitly rejects the right of the individual to commit suicide and murder. As noted by Ward (2010, p. 105), the compulsion to constitute a civil society is to protect and preserve freedom and to enlarge it. The state of nature is one of liberty and equality, but it is also one where peace is not secure, being constantly upset by the corruption and viciousness of degenerate men. Apparently, it lacks three important wants. First, there is the want of an established, settled, known law. There is also the want of a known and indifferent judge, and finally, the want of an executive power to enforce just decisions. Through the state of nature, Locke tries to explain the meaning and importance of authority, namely that human beings came together to ensure the observance of the laws of nature, to guarantee the greater possibility of impartiality in the implementation and execution of rules that govern common life, and t hereby increase the chance of peace that impartiality entails. Locke brings out the perils of human partiality, and how absolute power makes partiality potentially dangerous (Grant 2010, p. 63). Flattery and servility only makes it worse. He recognized the tremendous potentiality of power for making human life better, but fears that it has to be entrusted only to those who are responsible towards those on whom it is exercised. Ostensibly, most societies are based on force rather than right (Mack 2009, p. 16). Political authority is a trust, and if the terms of the trust are violated, the community has the right to take remedial measures in order to preserve itself. It is on these grounds that he objects Hobbes’ argument that only total order can provide for commodious living. It does not seem credible that people who do not trust one another can entrust an all powerful sovereign to safeguard their interests. He found it objectionable that there are no safety measures against potential violence and oppression of absolute authority. Through a contract, individuals consent to submit to the majority rule and organize themselves as a community or civil society. They surrender their powers partially, namely the three specific rights and constitute the natural right to enforce the laws of nature. Once a civil society is established, the individuals establish a government to act as a judge in the nature of a fiduciary power for promoting certain ends. Conclusion As can be deduced from the preceding discussion, Locke advocates for a limited sovereign state. Certainly, reason and experience have taught him that political absolutism is untenable. Describing the characteristics of a good state, Locke says that it exists for those who form it, and not the vice versa. It has to be based on the consent of the people subject to the constitution and the rule of law. It is limited in two ways. First, its powers are derived from the people and are held in trust and, secon dly, it is subject to natural laws and individual rights. Reference List Corbett, RJ 2009, The Lockean Commonwealth, State University of New York, Albany. Estlund, D 2012, The Oxford Handbook of Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York. Grant, RW 2010, John Locke’s Liberalism, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Hobbes, T, John, B, Vere, C 1999, Hobbes and Bramhall on Liberty and Necessity, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. Jahanbegloo, R 2004, Iran: Between Tradition and Modernity, Lexington Books, Oxford, UK. Locke, J 1996, Some Thoughts Concerning Education: And, Of the Conduct of the Understanding, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, Indiana. Mack, E 2009, John Locke, Continuum International Publishing Group, New York, NY. Mukherjee, S Ramaswamy, S 2004, History Of Political Thought A: Plato To Marx, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. Nyquist, M 2013, Arbitrary Rule: Slavery, Tyranny, and the Power of Life and Death, University of Chicago P ress, Chicago. Rawls, J 2009, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Simmons, AJ 2001, Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. Ward, L 2010, John Locke and Modern Life, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. This essay on Political Philosophy: US Declaration of Independence was written and submitted by user Paige Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog I Spy Ten of the Best Works AboutEspionage

I Spy Ten of the Best Works AboutEspionage Today, of course, we all learned of the death of Osama bin Laden by Navy SEALS, the culmination of years and years of military intelligence and super sleuthing. The world of espionage is undeniably fascinating and thousands of works, both fiction and nonfiction, have been written on the topic. If you cannot get enough spy stories, but have been burned by some stinkers, here is a list of the ten best out there, as recommended by loyal Official Blog readers. 1.   Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency by James Bamford From the Publishers Weekly review: With remarkable access to highly sensitive documents and information, Bamford takes the reader from the beginnings of NSA during the early cold war, through its roles in such watershed events as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War, to the amazingly sophisticated developments in information technology taking place within NSA today. What Bamford discovers is at times surprising, often quite troubling but always fascinating. In his conclusion, he is at once awed and deeply disturbed by what NSA can now do: ever more sophisticated surveillance techniques can mean ever greater assaults on the basic right of individual privacy. In a computer system that can store five trillion pages of text, anyone and everyone can be monitored. Writing with a flair and clarity that rivals those of the best spy novelists, Bamford has created a masterpiece of investigative reporting. 2.   Spy: The Inside Story of How the FBIS Robert Hanssen Betrayed America by David Wise From the Library Journal review: Journalist Wiseinterviewed Hanssens case psychiatrist and thus provides considerable informed discussion about motive. Was it for the money to support his big family, the thrill of playing a dangerous game, or to get back at a never-satisfied father? Hanssen apparently walked right into a Soviet office in 1979, which leads to the question whether the CIA and FBI were watching this office-and if not, why not? 3.   The Armies of the Night by Norman Mailer From Alfred Kazins 1968 review in the New York Times: The book cracks open the hard nut of American authority at the center, the uncertainty of our powerand, above all, the bad conscience that now afflicts so many Americans. Armies of the Night is a peculiarly appropriate and timely contribution to this moment of the national dramas, and among other things, it shows Mailer relieved of his vexing dualities, able to bring all his interests, concerns and actually quite traditional loyalties to equal focus. The form of this diary-essay-tract-sermon grew out of the many simultaneous happenings in Washington that weekend, out of the self-confidence which for writers is style, out of his fascination with power in American and his fear of it, out of his American self-dramatizing and his honest fear for his country. 4.   The Cuckoos Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage by Cliff Stoll From the Publishers Weekly review: A 75-cent discrepancy in billing for computer time led Stoll, an astrophysicist working as a systems manager at a California laboratory, on a quest that reads with the tension and excitement of a fictional thriller. Painstakingly he tracked down a hacker who was attempting to access American computer networks, in particular those involved with national security, and actually reached into an estimated 30 of the 450 systems he attacked. Initially Stroll waged a lone battle, his employers begrudging him the time spent on his search and several government agencies refused to cooperate. But his diligence paid off and in due course it was learned that the hacker, 25-year-old Markus Hess of Hanover, Germany, was involved with a spy ring. Eight members were arrested by the West German authorities but all but one were eventually released. Although the book will be best appreciated by the computer literate, even illiterates should be able to follow the technical complexities with little diffic ulty. 5.   Tinker, Tailor, Solider, Spy by John Le Carre A favorite among many responders, Le Carres novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy first appeared in 1974, is arguably Le Carrà ©s masterpiece and is surely one of the great spy novels of the 20th century. Loosely inspired by the career of Kim Philby, a Russian double agent who worked his way into the upper reaches of the British Secret Service, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy tells the story of donnish, unprepossessing master spy George Smiley and his quest to identify the mole the deep-penetration agent who has turned Britains Intelligence Service (commonly known as the Circus) inside out. (From the Barnes and Noble review). 6.   Invitation to an Inquest: Reopening the Rosenberg Case by Walter and Miriam Schneir From the New York Review of Books: There have been several books on the Rosenberg case, none of them very satisfactory and at least two (taking diametric views of the case) quite appallingly bad. Invitation to an Inquest is in another category altogether. Mr. and Mrs. Schneir have not only examined the record with care but, going beyond the record and exhibiting the most admirable tenacity, have uncovered significant facts not previously brought to light. The net effect of their researches is to cast considerable doubt on the veracity of Harry Gold and David Greenglass, the principal witnesses against the Rosenbergs, and on that of Max Elitcher, who supplied the only testimony directly linking Morton Sobell to the alleged Rosenberg spy ring. If the information now brought forward by Mr. and Mrs. Schneir had been used by the defense at the time of the trial, the result might have been different. 7.   The Bourne Trilogy by Robert Ludlum Almost everyone who suggests Spy Favorites mentioned Ludlums Bourne Trilogy.   I havent read any of them, but my friends enthusiasm for the works have put the set on my summer reading list. If, like me, you are one of the few who does know what the books are about, here ya go: THE BOURNE IDENTITY: He has no past. And he may have no future. His memory is blank. He only knows that he was fished out of the Mediterranean Sea, his body riddled with bullets. There are a few clues: evidence that plastic surgery has altered his face, a Swiss bank account containing four million dollars, and a name: Jason Bourne. But he is marked for death, racing for survival through the layers of his buried past into a world of murderous conspirators led by the worlds most dangerous assassin, Carlos. And no one can help Bourne but the woman who once wanted to escape him. THE BOURNE SUPREMACY: In a Kowloon Cabaret, scrawled in a pool of blood, is a name the world wanted to forget: Jason Bourne. The Chinese vice-premier has been slain by a legendary assassin. World leaders ask the same fearful questions: Why has Jason Bourne come back? Who is the next to die? But US officials know the truth: there is no Jason Bourne. The name was created as cover for David Webb on his search for t he notorious killer Carlos. Someone else has taken the Bourne identity and unless he is stopped, the world will pay a devastating price. So Jason Bourne must live again. THE BOURNE ULTIMATUM: The worlds two deadliest spies in the ultimate showdown.Two men, each mysteriously summoned by telegram, witness a bizarre killing. The telegrams are signed Jason Bourne. Only they know Bournes true identity and understand the telegram is really a message from Bournes mortal enemy, Carlos, the worlds deadliest and most elusive terrorist. And they also know that he wants a final confrontation with Bourne. Now David Webb must do what he hoped he would never have to do again assume the terrible identity of Jason Bourne. 8.   The Hunt for Red October by Tom Clancy No list of best spy works would be complete without a nod to the master of the spy novel, Tom Clancy. In this popular work, which launced the authors career, The Hunt for Red October is   a deadly game of hide-and-seek played out in 18 days over 4000 miles of ocean. Red October is the Soviet Navys newest ballistic missile submarine. When the whole crew decides to defect, the Soviet fleet sets out to destroy it, while the US and British fleets attempt to prevent them. 9.   Eye of the Needle by Ken Follett There were several hearty recommendations for this novel from commentors. Eye of the Needle is about one enemy spy [who]  knows the secret of the Allies greatest deception, a brilliant aristocrat and ruthless assassin- code name: The Needle- who holds the key to the ultimate Nazi victory. Only one person stands in his way: a lonely Englishwoman on an isolated island, who is coming to love the killer who has mysteriously entered her life.    Written in 1978, Eye continues to enthrall readers. 10.   From Russia With Love by Ian Fleming Finally last, but certainly not least what list of best spy writing would be complete without an showing from Sir Ian Fleming, whose hero, James Bond 007, set the standard for the spy novel genre? In this classic tale from 1957, our hero has gotten himself into another fine mess as   Russias lethal SMERSH organization has targeted him for elimination. SMERSH has the perfect bait in the irresistible Tatiana Romanova, who lures 007 to Istanbul promising the top-secret Spektor cipher machine. But when Bond walks willingly into the trap, a game of cross and double-cross ensues, with Bond both the stakes and the prize.

The history of marijuana

The history of marijuana Historical records indicate that marijuana was used as legal tender in several spots in America since it was a valuable and rare economic resource. Before 1937, it was legal to distribute marijuana for non-medical reasons (Holland 142). After this date, the marijuana Tax Act was put in place.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The history of marijuana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new law prohibited marijuana distribution. By the beginning of 1951, a minimum sentence for illegal distribution of marijuana was established by the Boggs Act (Fatout 345). This law has remained in force until this date. Besides, the Operation Intercept was implemented by President Richard Nixon as an anti- drug policy in 1969 (Baum 124). Since the hemp plant was completely legal, even the United States’ Presidents like Thomas Jefferson and George Washington grew it in their own farms. According to other personalities li ke Stephen King, â€Å"marijuana should not only be legal†¦it should be a cottage industry† (Stoned 187). This essay explores the controversies surrounding the legalization of marijuana. Although marijuana was widely accepted by several governments and individuals, it should be noted that most of it was used to manufacture clothing materials (Holland 64). Besides, quite a large volume of the harvests were turned into medical uses. According to the new set of legislation, it was considered illegal to be found in possession of 25 grams of marijuana. If arrested, the offender could be fined from as low as one hundred to 250 dollars (Fatout 164). The option of being jailed for a specific period was also provided depending on the severity of the offense. Jimmy Carter once noted that â€Å"I now have absolute proof that smoking even one marijuana cigarette is equal in brain damage to being on Bikini Island during an H-bomb blast† (Holland 135). In 1988, marijuana was de clared as one of the safest natural herbs by Francis Young (Baum 89). He was the DEA judge in Washington He noted that marijuana could be used as a therapeutic substance especially in its natural form. Since then, the laws governing the control of marijuana and its consumption have been tightened to make it cumbersome for users to use and distribute it freely (Baum 173). On the same note, there are several agencies and nongovernmental organizations that have been set up to ensure that the prohibition of marijuana remains in force. For instance, DEA is one of the agencies that have been on the forefront against any attempts to legalize marijuana (Stoned 132).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The DEA agency has always refuted any attempts to legalize marijuana (Baum 182). In 1994, an anti-legalization forum was held in Virginia for two consecutive days. Te forum brought together representatives from both the private and public sector. Some of the dominant issues that were discussed in the forum included the following: Who will cater for the medical expenses incurred in rehabilitation of the drug addicts? Who will give backing to the habit of the addicts? Who will cater for the costs of legalizing marijuana such as the criminal and social burdens? (Baum 375) It was also noted that the proponents of legalization of marijuana were making use of the print and audio-visual media in order to pass their ideas across. The same chance was seemingly being denied those against legalization. The voters in California managed to pass Proposition 215 in 1996. This new proposal made it legal to possess certain minimum amounts of marijuana although the federal government has never supported these legislations (Baum 340). In 2007, the attempt to legalize marijuana was downplayed by the entry of Gordon Brown who took over as the prime minister of Britain a fter the exit of Tony Blair. Gordon mentioned his intention to classify marijuana into category B (Fatout 174). Proponents of legalization have been positing over the years that the drug should be legalized since it is not addictive like those that are processed. Proponents who advocate for legalization observe that even the past generation made use of marijuana in a safe and healthy way. Mark Twain once noted that â€Å"what I contend is that my body is my own, at least I have always so regarded it. If I do harm through my experimenting with it, it is I who suffers, not the state (Fatout 386). As a result, advocates of legalization of marijuana used this quote several times to convince the state authorities that it was upon the users of marijuana to decide whether to smoke it or not because the state wouldn’t go at any loss. Credentials of authors Baum has written several books such as the Citizen Coors: An American Dynasty (Morrow/HarperCollins, 2000) and Smoke and Mirror s: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure (Little, Brown 1996). He has also written for the New York magazine as a staff writer. Fatout has been an English tutor at Purdue University. Some of his productions include Mark Twains First Lecture: A Parallel (His Miscellanea), and Mr. Lincoln Goes to Washington. He died in 1982 and Mark Twain in Virginia City, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, Meadow Lake: Gold Town. Holland has been a specialist in psychopharmacology for long and also a teaching professor in the field of psychology. She has written several literary works in this field.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The history of marijuana specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When anti marijuana legislation was enacted, some sections of the political class were vehemently opposed to the idea (Holland 76). For instance, Dan Quayle who was a US representative pointed out that the â€Å"congress should defi nitely consider decriminalizing possession of marijuanaWe should concentrate on prosecuting the rapists and burglars who are a menace to society (Baum 356). The latter was similar to a sentiment that was echoed by Abraham Lincoln on the illegalization of marijuana that â€Å"a prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded.† According to the Gallup poll that was conducted in October 2011, the legalization of marijuana was supported by 50% of the population while another 46% noted that it should be prohibited (Holland 61). The National Drug Control Policy office in the US pointed out that it did not support the legalization of marijuana. This took place immediately after the 2012 presidential elections (Stoned 76). Baum, Dan. Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure. Boston: little Brown, 1996. Print. Fatout, Paul (ed.). Mark Twain Speaking. Lowa: University of Lowa Press, 1776. Print. Holland, Julie (ed.). T he Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis. Rochester: Park Street Press, 2010. Print. Lincoln, Abraham.U.S. President Speech to Illinois House of Representatives.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More n.d. Web. Jan. 16 2013. Stoned, Michael. Weed: 420 Things You Didnt Know (or Remember) about Cannabis. Avon: Adams Media, 2009. Print. Baum has written several books such as the Citizen Coors: An American Dynasty (Morrow/HarperCollins, 2000) and Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure (Little, Brown 1996). He has also written for the New York magazine as a staff writer. Fatout has been an English tutor at Purdue University. Some of his productions include Mark Twains First Lecture: A Parallel (His Miscellanea), and Mr. Lincoln Goes to Washington. He died in 1982 and Mark Twain in Virginia City, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, Meadow Lake: Gold Town. Holland has been a specialist in psychopharmacology for long and also a teaching professor in the field of psychology. She has written several literary works in this field.

Explanation of Noun Clauses in English

Explanation of Noun Clauses in English Noun clauses are clauses that function as nouns. Remember that clauses can be either dependent or independent. Noun clauses, like nouns, can be used as either subjects or objects. Noun clauses are therefore dependent clauses and as subject or object cannot stand alone as a sentence. Nouns Are Subjects or Objects Baseball is an interesting sport. Noun: Baseball subjectTom would like to buy that book. Noun: Book object Noun Clauses Are Subjects or Objects I like what he said. Noun clause: ... what he said objectWhat he bought was awful: Noun clause: What he bought ... subject Noun Clauses Can Also Be an Object of a Preposition Im not looking for what he likes. Noun clause: ... what he likes object of preposition forWe decided to look into how much it costs. Noun clause: ... how much it costs objects of preposition into Noun Clauses as Complements Noun clauses can play the role of a subject complement. Subject complements provide a further description,\ or clarification of a subject. Harrys problem was that he couldnt make a decision.Noun clause: ... that he couldnt make a decision. subject complement of problem describing what the problem was The uncertainty is whether he will attend or not.Noun clause: ... whether he will attend or not. subject complement of uncertainty describing what is uncertain Noun clauses can play the role of an adjective complement. Adjective complements often provide a reason why someone or something is a certain way. In other words, adjective compliments provide additional clarification to an adjective. I was upset that she couldnt come.Noun clause: ... that she couldnt come adjective complement explaining why I was upset Jennifer seemed angry that he refused to help her.Noun clause: ... that he refused to help her. adjective complement explaining why Jennifer seemed angry Noun Clause Markers Markers are what introduce noun clauses. These markers include: that if, whether (for yes / no questions) Question words (how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why) Ever words beginning with wh(however, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever) Examples: I didnt know that he was coming to the party. Could you tell me whether she can help us. The question is how to finish on time. Im sure I will enjoy whatever you cook for dinner. Noun Clauses Used with Common Phrases Noun clauses beginning with question words or if/whether are often used with common phrases such as: I dont know ... I cant remember ... Please tell me ... Do you know ... This use of noun clauses is also known as indirect questions. In indirect questions, we use a phrase to introduce a question with a short phrase and turn the question into a noun clause in statement order. When will he return? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know when he will return. Where are we going? Noun clause / indirect question: I cant remember where we are going. What time is it? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me what time it is. When does the plan arrive? Noun clause / indirect question: Do you know when the plane arrives? Yes / No Questions Yes / no questions can be expressed as noun clauses using if/whether: Are you coming to the party? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know if you are coming to the party. Is it expensive? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me whether it is expensive. Have they lived there long? Noun clause / indirect question: Im not sure if they have lived there long. Special Case of That The noun marker that which introduces noun clauses is the only marker that can be dropped. This is only true if that is used to introduce a noun clause in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Tim didnt know that she was available. OR Tim didnt know she was available.

Impact Of Be True To Your School On Different Persons Essay

Impact Of Be True To Your School On Different Persons - Essay Example The narrative included Greene and his peers getting summer jobs, drinking liquor, finding the latest hits of the day and earning marks for their teams, among others. These events were faithfully chronicled in a daily diary, which for its frequency could tend to become tedious at times. But this is quite rare and to be expected since the diary involved every single day of the entire year. What Greene has accomplished in this particular narrative, however, is the transformation of the seemingly banal and ordinary American teen life into something compelling, entertaining and memorable. Grown-ups would find it easy to forget what transpired in their youth, having more serious concerns and real-life troubles to occupy their minds. Greene will teach them to look back and marvel at those days when everything was simple when the most challenging events include getting at least a score of B and pursuing a romantic interest. These things - within the context of Greene's narrative - assume an entirely new utility: they serve as a reminder. For some, it would be a reminder of what shaped them into what they are now. For others, it would about the things that made them happy or the time when the seeds of their dreams began germinating. Greene articulated this best when he, at the beginning of the story, wrote: â€Å"When I look at the diary after years had passed, I realized that what I had here was something money could not buy: time preserved† (vii). Perhaps this was the reason why Lindy met Greene several years later when he flew to where she lived in Ohio. She met him for dinner and went as far as going up with Greene to his room (46).

Psychology of Personality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychology of Personality - Research Paper Example This paper compares and contrasts the theories of two psychologists who have developed theories in the subject area. Finally this paper discusses the major differences between Intrapsychic and Interpsychic processes followed by empirical applications. Albert Ellis and Carl Rogers both agreed on utilizing the psychoanalytical approach to diagnosing and describing individual personalities and emotional intelligence. The primary difference between the two is the method through which they deployed the psychoanalytical process to solve any diagnosed problems (Curtis, 2003). Specifically, Ellis believed that rational analysis and cognitive reconstruction allowed individuals to understand their self destructive attitudes by bringing their irrational beliefs to conscious evaluation. On the other hand, Rogers was more focused on the development of the concept of the self. He observed that conditional and unconditional positive regard for the self is key to productive lifestyles that solve per sonality disorders (Curtis, 2003). These conditions of worth affect the individuals’ capacity to achieve self actualization. ... The purpose of the approach is to help clients overcome self-defeating beliefs and behaviors by demonstrating how irrational, destructive, and unhealthy they are. The fundamental principle of the theory is the fact that a person is rarely affected (emotionally) by external factors. Instead, individuals are impacted by their perceptions, attitudes, and internal monologues about the external activity (Curtis, 2003). Rational Therapy provides 3 overarching Insights (Ellis, 2003). The first is that there are activating events that precede emotional disturbances. But the activating events are evaluated within a perspective that is dysfunctional or based on irrational beliefs. The second is that the timeline that individuals acquire self defeating beliefs does not affect the individuals’ propensity to change it. Activating events can occur in a series and reaffirm the irrational beliefs (Ellis, 2003). The final insight is that patients will feel better when the feel as if they know how they became disturbed. But the acceptance of insights 1 and 2 is the internal link to the patient getting better (Ellis, 2003). Carl Rogers’ theory of the self is categorized as both a humanistic and phenomenological approach. Rogers’ articulation of his theory is both extensive and nuanced. In his attempts to empirically evaluate psychotherapy, he conducted a scientific approach out of a need to be compatible with the status quo at all times (Rogers, 1959). Rogers focuses on the development of the personality where he discusses the realization of principles instead of reaching stages. Specifically he focuses on the development of a self concept and the

Advanced consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced consumer behaviour - Essay Example This market situation is evident in every industry on a global basis and apparently is under great research in order to conclude upon the fundamentals of the consumer behavior. Consumer behavior as defined by Luna and Gupta (2001) is the ongoing study that explores the reasoning behind the buying decision process. In more details, consumer behavior is a systematic approach that attempts to identify patterns that analyze the following questions: what consumers buy, why they buy the specific product, when they buy and how they buy. (Foxall, 1993) It is more than clear that the essence that underlines the issue in account lies in explaining and eventually predicting the purchase actions of individuals within specific markets and given products or services. Therefore, consumer behavior is directly associated with the overall buying decision processes that people exhibit. Although academic background on the exact definition of private label products does not explicitly state a single or widely accepted term, for simplicity reasons and convenience building we provide a rather general description, which indicates that Private label goods are product brands that carry or suggest the retailer’s name (Sheinin and Wagner, 2003). In other words, as defined by Hernstein and Tifferet (2007), retail brands are indeed consumer products produced by or on behalf of, distributors and eventually sold under the distributor’s own name or trademark through its own outlet. A third proximity approach to providing an accurate and full description in just few words is the one given by Sethuraman and Cole (1999), describing them as general brands owned, controlled and sold exclusively by retail outlets. All three contextual terms highlight the key issues in retail brand development; the process, the product range and the unique product availability (Burt, 200 0). Today, private label goods have

Characteristic of the U.S. health care delivery system Essay

Characteristic of the U.S. health care delivery system - Essay Example 9). These characteristics hinder the delivery of healthcare in the US because they pose problems of delays and legal complications. These characteristics reflect that the US healthcare system is highly fragmented and has immense political, economic, and cultural influences. People belonging to certain ethnicities and age groups e.g. older African Americans receive poor access to effective healthcare treatment. In the researches controlling for insurance of health, the older African Americans have been found to have gotten lesser eye examinations, screening for breast cancer, and various other kinds of treatments (Yeo, 2009, p. 1279).The US healthcare system also reflects lack of a central governing agency in the US. The current system of US healthcare poses many emotional, cultural, and political challenges for the health care administrators. However, support for the model of universal health coverage in the US has increased in the recent years and this is seemingly the best way to make the healthcare system unbiased, cost effective, and of high quality (Pushman and Chung,

Should US continue trade with China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Should US continue trade with China - Essay Example In my opinion, United States should continue to trade with China. Many challenges that the U.S economy faces are usually domestic in nature, however, it is still important for investment to take place and the two states to continue trading. Thesis Statement: While the trade relationship between China and United States is not smooth, the benefits reaped are far much worth. History of U.S and China Trade relationship Lovett, William, Alfred Eckes, and Richard Brinkman. U.S. Trade Policy: History, Theory and the Wto. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. According to Lovett, William, Eckes and Brinkman, former British Colonies were the giants when it came to international trade. As the authors stated earlier America, was only one of the states which participated in trade. At that time, the economy of the American British colonies was only considered to be extractive. Most of the commodities such as fish, lumber among other commodities were only traded within the empire. Different types of trade and manufacturing were all prohibited in the British Empire; hence, people were required to purchase goods from Asia via the England route, rather than participating in direct trade with Asians. There was colonial unrest because most of the Americans were excluded from what most termed as successful China Trade. On page 36 of the book, the authors assert that the demand for goods from China grew even after the Revolution. The authors state that in 1850s, trade between Britain and its international partners from Asia grew. By 1890s, as the authors assert, Britain already owned more than half of all the trade exports. When the Americans saw that the Great Britain made so much profit from trade, the Americans became more than interested in trade and wanted to make such profits on their own. The Americans started trading directly with China, and with the volume being comparatively small, China was viewed as a crucial player in this trade. Chai, Joseph. An Economic History of Modern Chin a. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011. Print. According to Chai, trade between China and other trading partners like the Americans declined in 1850s. Chai argues that the international environment only became favorable for the economy growth for a state like China in the year 1979 to 2009. The author points out on page 239 that the U.S and China trade troubles did not begin recently but years ago. Chain points out that the growing conflicts between China and states like the U.S grew because the foreign exchange from China’s reserve was growing due to trade. As a result of this, China also became a trade giant when it overtook the U.S and other European states and became one of the largest exporters. Chai affirms on page 239 that despite China making great profits from the booming trade, Europe was still a leader because it offered different states a market that was more receptive for goods from America. The U.S foreign trade grew enormously, but China’s trade only remained at a favorable but constant level. According to Chai, China is there today because it maintained an exchange rate that was fixed. This is the exchange rate that has led to the emerging symptoms of currency undervaluation. In the year 2008-2009, China accounted for about 39% of the total trade gap with the U.S. This issue, according to Chain was one of the contributors of China being

Adoption of new technology systems Essay Example for Free

Adoption of new technology systems Essay Health can be described as the state of physical or emotional well-being without necessarily the absence of a disease or any given ailments. Electronic Health Record, thereby, covers a wide scope in ensuring the electronic procedures through which the factors that lead to the health of individuals are ensured. This indicates that this practice involves the incorporation of technology such as the use of computers to ensure its implementation.                  In this research paper, therefore, one ought to undertake the role of a head nurse, and carry out the programs that will ensure the use of electronic health records system is incorporated in a facility. In addition, one ought to put his or her base of discussion in line with the Rodgers qualities that lead to the adoption of new technologies, especially in an organizational set up. This can, therefore, be discussed as follows:                  How to approach the present the Electronic Health Records to the nurses to win their approval            Nurses often play a greater role in ensuring the health care delivery to the patients, who in most cases seek medical attention. This owes to the fact that they put into consideration the patients’ issues from the moment they are registered to undertake treatment in a given facility. Furthermore, they are the individuals who make sure that the patients get proper and adequate treatment up to when they are discharged from the hospital.               Therefore, one way of presenting the Electronic Health Records system to them is by critically defining the roles they are to carry out. These run from the registration of the patients, admission procedures as in the case of patients’ illnesses, writing down of the nursing procedures. Other functions of the nurses include drug admission, dosage and their storage, carrying out of the minor surgeries and dressing of wounds.                As the Head Nurse in charge, I would clearly outline to the nurses their roles, and how the incorporation of the new electronic health record system would improve their daily activities in the delivery of healthcare. However, despite the advantages that are associated with the new technology, several cases of resistance can be noticed among the nurses. These can be in the whereby they mention that they lack the knowledge and the skills to use the methods and that it may consume their time, and lead t earlier retirement or even retrenchment of their jobs.               In such a given case, as a head nurse, I will ensure that they have adequate training on the use of the newly adopted system, and assure them that the only time they would be retrenched or dismissed from their duties would be on attainment of the retirement age. Moreover, I will ensure that new goals and objectives are set forth with the introduction of the systems to ensure a quality health delivery service. Furthermore, I would also provide some room for negotiation so that we come up with a system that will be favorable to all.               Applications as per Rodger’s theory, in the health facility setup.               The theory looks into the modes via which individuals can choose to adapt into a new system of technology, basing on the qualities that they possess. These include relative advantage/the benefits, compatibility with the current practices and the values, simplicity, trialability, and the results that are observed (the observable results). The relative advantage               In order to prepare the nurses for the implementation that is upcoming, I would ensure that the system will lay several benefits that will facilitate in the improvement of the existing one. An explanation that can be given to this is that, initially, the storage of the health records were done in a manual manner. Therefore, a lot of time would be taken to retrieve the information about the patients from the filing area, thereby leading to subsequent delays, and infectivity in the delivery of health care. Moreover, the loss of the files would be easier owing to their inadequate storage and management.               However, by the incorporation of the new technology, time taken to retrieve the information about the patients would be reduced due to their accessibility and efficient storage. This would in turn lead to faster and efficient treatment. These would also ensure that they are properly diagnosed with the diseases that they suffer from and reduce the excess costs incurred for example in the purchasing of their files. Compatibility with the existing values and practices               In the health setup, proper values need to be ensured so that the rights of the patients are not infringed on. These can be in line with the Nightingale Promises or laws, as in this case, for the nurses. Practices such as laboratory experiments and the observational routines, for example, recording of temperature, blood pressure tests, post natal and antenatal care too should be considered. As a result, in order for the nurses to adapt to the new systems, they need to understand how the technologies would be implemented as per the values and the practices. Simplicity               In the facility, several forms of resistance may arise due to the difficulty of the nurses to use the new methods as most of them may be computer illiterate. Therefore, there is need to use the simple models that they can be easily trained on and understand. An example of these may include the data entry forms like the use of Microsoft Office (Word and Excel) basically, before getting to the more complex ones. Others may include the measurements of the temperature and pressure of the patients using equipment that can easily detect the variables from one patient to the next.                TrialabilityThese can be carried out as part of the training procedures that are given to the nurses. Therefore, they can be granted some extra time to familiarize themselves with the machines, make several trials and mistakes, and eventually come to terms with the proper modes of handlement. Observable results                  In most cases, these will be evident from the institutions that have successfully installed and used the systems in place, and the progresses that they have made in relation to the admission of an adequate healthcare. Thus, these can be the referral and the national hospitals from where a variety of diseases are handled. The role of nurses as change agents in facilitating the adoption of a new technology                Nurses aid in the adoption of the new forms of technology by ensuring digitalization in the admission of healthcare. These can be in the form of the mobile clinics that reach far and wide, within and outside the country. Moreover, it gives them a wider scope to classify diseases according to the signs and symptoms thus they can relate to patients through mediums such as webcam or even Skype for those who may not be able to get to the facilities in good time.                      These can therefore help to reduce the costs that can be incurred as in the case of distant travels by the patients who are critically ill, for example the aircraft ambulatory modes, and reduce more damages that would be caused to the patients by the use of roads. Additionally, several modes of treatment too can be sought out for by the nurses in line with the researches that they carry out through the internet, thereby improving the lives of individuals. References Archer, N., Cocosila, M. (2011). A Comparison of Physician Pre-Adoption and Adoption Views on Electronic Health Records in Canadian Medical Practices. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(3), 65.Devkota, B., Devkota, A. (2014). Electronic health records: advantages of use and barriers to adoption. Health Renaissance, 11(3), 78.Mihalko, M. (2011). Cognitive Informatics and Nursing: Considerations for Increasing Electronic Health Records Adoption Rates. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 26(3), 264-266. Peden, A. H. (2009). Factors affecting adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems in United States Hospitals. New York: Mac Millan. Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press ;. Source document